Welcome to LQ.org champion. Well, you are pretty close to fix it

. In fact, you just need to reinstall GRUB with one command after booting into rescue mode:
chroot /mnt/sysimage
grub-install /dev/hda
That assumes that you want grub re-installed to the MBR. Note: use hda, not hda1. If you have sATA disks, most likely it's sda, ratter then hda. Did you try that?
Regards!