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First of all Octave is a MatLab clone, so yes you can most certainly use it without needing Matlab. (in fact it can be used as a drop in replacement for Matlab, and matlab code will usually run fine in octave).
There is also a package called QtOctave, which provides a workspace somewhat similar to the the Matlab GUI, if you so desire. (Admittedly it isn't quite as nice as Matlab, but considering the difference in price I think it's pretty good.)
I downloaded Octave and attempted to install it following the instructions. However, the process failed. This are the steps:
1. './configure'
2. 'make'
3. 'make install' to install the program files
Process failed at second step. This is the message
display.cc:34:22: fatal error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory
My feeling is that I have tried to install from the wrong directory. The octave package is in the 'Downloads' folder in the localhost directory. I feel that I should be in the root directory, but the normal command I know to change dir does not seems to work. I am using Fedora14 and I am new to Linux.
When I run 'make check" this is what I get:
[ResearLab@localhost octave-3.2.4]$ make check
Like I said before, I recommend installing the RPM package rather than compiling from source. But if you really do want to compile, it looks like you are missing the Xlib.h file, which probably means you need to install a dev package which includes the header files for X, I don't know what that would be on Fedora, a quick google search suggests xorg-x11-server-devel.
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